Cavalry · May 1965 – March 1972
3rd Cavalry Regiment
- Helicopter missions
- 8
- Contacts
- 465
- Operations
- 90
- Dead
- 18
- Australian wounded
- 501
- Enemy killed
- 888
View unit in Battle MapView missions in Battle Map
Year by year #
465 contacts are recorded for the unit and sub-units, from 12 June 1966 to 12 October 1971. It was the unit in contact in 371 of them, and took part in 94 led by other units.
Unit actions #
In the contacts it led, by the task the report records:
| Task | Contacts | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Patrol | 156 | 42% |
| Ambush | 66 | 18% |
| Security | 62 | 17% |
| Transport | 36 | 10% |
| Mine incident | 33 | 9% |
| Artillery and mortar fire | 5 | 1% |
| Artillery engagement | 2 | 1% |
| Bunker | 2 | 1% |
| Not recorded | 9 | 2% |
Armoured personnel carriers in 94 contacts led by other units: 8 RAR (15), 3 RAR (14), 5 RAR (14), 6 RAR (13), 1 RAR (6), 2 RAR (6), 1 Armd Regt (5), 7 RAR (4), 4 RAR (3), ARVN (3), 1 ATF (2), 9 RAR (2), V Company, 4 RAR (New Zealand) (2), 1 Fd Sqn (1), LFT (1), SASR (1), V Company, 2 RAR (New Zealand) (1), W Company, 2 RAR (New Zealand) (1).
Operations #
| Operation | Dates | Contacts | Australians killed | Enemy killed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hardihood | 12 June 1966 – 21 June 1966 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Enoggera | 28 June 1966 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Holsworthy | 15 August 1966 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Smithfield (original - Vendetta) | 18 August 1966 | 3 | 17 | 265 |
| Crows Nest | 1 October 1966 – 3 October 1966 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Canberra | 10 October 1966 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Robin | 14 October 1966 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| TAOR | 21 October 1966 – 11 August 1968 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Bathurst | 22 October 1966 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Ingham | 21 November 1966 – 29 November 1966 | 8 | 0 | 2 |
| Yass | 3 December 1966 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Duck | 26 December 1966 – 27 December 1966 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Tambourine | 5 February 1967 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Bribie | 17 February 1967 | 1 | 8 | 50 |
| Renmark | 21 February 1967 | 1 | 9 | 0 |
| Portsea | 21 March 1967 – 24 March 1967 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
| Ulmarra | 25 August 1967 – 26 August 1967 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Ainslie | 20 September 1967 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Santa Fe | 4 November 1967 – 6 November 1967 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Forrest | 4 January 1968 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Coburg | 28 January 1968 – 1 March 1968 | 10 | 9 | 67 |
| Pinnaroo | 2 March 1968 – 31 March 1968 | 13 | 0 | 0 |
| Cook Town Orchid | 6 April 1968 – 12 April 1968 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Toan Thang 1 | 16 May 1968 – 6 June 1968 | 9 | 13 | 125 |
| Toan Thang 2 | 14 June 1968 – 26 June 1968 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Albany | 15 July 1968 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Arunta | 19 July 1968 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Merino | 24 July 1968 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Platypus | 30 July 1968 – 2 August 1968 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Lyre Bird | 7 August 1968 – 31 August 1968 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Nowra | 22 August 1968 | 1 | 0 | 40 |
| Diamantina | 28 August 1968 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Stirrup Cup | 3 October 1968 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Track Duster | 8 October 1968 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Harvest | 29 October 1968 – 1 November 1968 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Roadrunner | 29 October 1968 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Goodwood | 10 December 1968 – 16 February 1969 | 25 | 1 | 20 |
| King hit | 12 December 1968 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Federal | 22 February 1969 – 27 March 1969 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Breadalbane | 27 March 1969 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Overlander | 5 April 1969 – 17 April 1969 | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| Surfside | 19 April 1969 – 20 April 1969 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| U/K | 21 April 1969 – 2 October 1971 | 28 | 1 | 17 |
| Garry Owen | 3 May 1969 – 11 June 1969 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Mailed Fist | 9 May 1969 – 27 May 1969 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Roadside | 20 May 1969 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Toan Thang III | 23 May 1969 – 6 June 1969 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Hammer | 6 June 1969 – 7 June 1969 | 2 | 1 | 43 |
| Hammer/Tong | 7 June 1969 | 1 | 0 | 40 |
| TONG | 7 June 1969 | 1 | 0 | 6 |
| ESSO | 23 June 1969 – 13 July 1969 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Reynella | 24 June 1969 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Lavarack | 28 June 1969 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mundingburra | 17 July 1969 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Distant Trumpet | 21 July 1969 – 22 July 1969 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Ginger | 31 July 1969 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nepabunna | 17 August 1969 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| JACK | 22 October 1969 – 24 October 1969 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Ross | 22 October 1969 – 6 November 1969 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
| Kings Cross | 2 November 1969 – 7 December 1969 | 13 | 1 | 16 |
| Lance | 18 November 1969 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Marsden | 8 December 1969 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Atherton | 28 December 1969 – 8 January 1970 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Bondi | 6 January 1970 – 18 January 1970 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Matilda | 20 January 1970 – 21 January 1970 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Napier | 25 January 1970 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Hammersley | 10 February 1970 – 25 February 1970 | 13 | 2 | 25 |
| Finschhafen | 13 March 1970 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Townsville | 30 March 1970 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| Phoi Hop | 11 April 1970 – 19 February 1971 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Concrete | 20 April 1970 – 17 June 1970 | 8 | 3 | 7 |
| Nudgee | 1 May 1970 – 29 May 1970 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
| Montage | 4 May 1970 – 11 May 1970 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Cung Chung | 14 June 1970 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Cung Chung 1 | 18 June 1970 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Cung Chung | 24 June 1970 – 29 June 1970 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Petrie | 2 July 1970 – 6 July 1970 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Nathan | 26 July 1970 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Cung Chung 2 | 12 August 1970 | 1 | 0 | 19 |
| Massey Harris | 29 August 1970 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Cung Chung 3 | 19 September 1970 – 12 January 1971 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Cung Chung 3 | 13 November 1970 – 22 March 1971 | 12 | 1 | 32 |
| LRRP | 22 December 1970 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Briar Patch 1 | 15 March 1971 – 13 April 1971 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Overlord | 5 June 1971 – 12 June 1971 | 14 | 11 | 12 |
| Hermit Park | 21 June 1971 – 24 July 1971 | 8 | 0 | 19 |
| Inverbrackie | 10 August 1971 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Cudlee Creek | 1 September 1971 – 2 September 1971 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Ivanhoe | 20 September 1971 – 25 September 1971 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| South Ward | 12 October 1971 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Air support #
No. 9 Squadron RAAF's unit history records 8 helicopter missions flown for 3 Cav Regt, from 30 May 1968 to 31 July 1970. 8 casualties were evacuated, as the reports count them; helicopters were fired on from the ground on 1 mission.
| Mission | Missions | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Medevac | 7 | 88% |
| Troop Lift | 1 | 12% |
The most significant:
- 30 May 1968: medevac. 6 casualties evacuated. Fired on from the ground. On the allied side: 6 wounded. 7 Platoon, 1 RAR came under heavy fire during the day and was pinned down. Supported by a light fire team from the Playboys, a US Army aviation company, and Centurion tanks of A Squadron, 1 Armoured Regiment, two …
- 27 April 1970: medevac. 1 casualty evacuated. On the allied side: 1 killed. Albatross 02, flown by Pilot Officer Ozanne, recovered the body of an Australian soldier of 3 Cavalry Regiment who had been killed and took it to Vampire.
- 28 April 1970: medevac. 1 casualty evacuated. In the early hours, Albatross 10, flown by Squadron Leader White, evacuated a litter patient with severe malaria from B Company, 3 Cavalry Regiment to Vampire pad.
View the missions in Battle Map
Notable contacts #
12 June 1966: Patrol, Operation Hardihood #
First · Armoured personnel carriers for 5 RAR
Australian: 1 killed, 3 wounded.
D Company, 5 RAR, was sweeping the north-east of Hoa Long for enemy mortar positions when its force came under light mortar fire. One Australian was killed and three wounded, from D and E Platoon, 1 APC Squadron and 1 Field Squadron. Radar placed the mortars at Long Phuoc village, and artillery fired on them with unknown results.
18 August 1966: Patrol, Operation Smithfield (original - Vendetta) #
Significant · Armoured personnel carriers for 6 RAR
Australian: 17 killed, 19 wounded. Enemy: 245 killed, 350 wounded.
The Battle of Long Tan. D Company, 6 RAR, 108 strong, was following fresh tracks east of Nui Dat when 11 Platoon met a few Viet Cong and then a much larger force. From about 5.30 pm the company was attacked by at least a company, later found to be far more, under heavy machine-gun and mortar fire in heavy rain, and held on until A Company arrived in armoured personnel carriers after 7 pm. Close artillery fire broke up many of the attacks; low cloud ruled out air strikes, and helicopters flew in ammunition and took out the wounded. Seventeen Australians were killed and nineteen wounded; 245 enemy were recorded killed. The company commander afterwards reported that the M60 machine-guns jammed in the mud and that the men needed to carry more ammunition.
17 February 1967: Bunker, Operation Bribie #
Significant · Armoured personnel carriers for 6 RAR
Australian: 8 killed, 21 wounded. Enemy: 50 killed, 13 wounded.
Operation Bribie. After A Company, 6 RAR, found a Viet Cong company and its heavy weapons company dug into bunkers, B Company was ordered to assault the position. It was pinned down by fire from all sides, including heavy machine-guns, Claymore mines and mortars; four air strikes were called in, and carriers of 2 Troop, A Squadron, 3 Cavalry Regiment, went in to bring out the wounded, one being disabled by recoilless-rifle fire. After four hours both companies withdrew into the battalion's night position, and the enemy left during the night. Eight Australians were killed and 21 wounded; about 50 enemy were recorded killed. The battalion's commander said that tanks could have taken the position with little difficulty.
20 July 1967: Security #
Typical: security · 3 Cav Regt in contact
Australian: 4 wounded.
3 Troop's position at Duc Thanh was shelled by 60 mm mortars. Artillery at Nui Dat returned fire and silenced them. No carriers were damaged, and four men were slightly wounded.
1 February 1968: Security, Operation Coburg #
Significant · Armoured personnel carriers for 3 RAR
Australian: 1 killed, 19 wounded. Enemy: 42 killed, 5 wounded.
During the Tet Offensive a Viet Cong battalion seized much of Ba Ria, a town of 15,000, and the province headquarters asked 1 ATF for help. A Company, 3 RAR, less a platoon, with nine armoured personnel carriers of 3 Troop, A Squadron, 3 Cavalry Regiment, was rushed in by carrier to protect the US compound and other key buildings, and fought through a town full of uncleared houses, infiltrators and rocket teams. One Australian was killed and nineteen wounded; 42 enemy were recorded killed.
16 May 1968: Security, Operation Toan Thang 1 #
Significant · Armoured personnel carriers for 1 RAR
Australian: 7 killed, 19 wounded. Enemy: 38 killed, 10 wounded.
Fire Support Base Coral was attacked a second time by an estimated regiment: heavy mortar and rocket fire, then a ground assault. It was beaten off with the help of a gunship aircraft, helicopter gunships and an air strike on an enemy anti-aircraft gun. Seven Australians were killed and about 19 wounded, and two Americans wounded; 37 North Vietnamese were counted dead and one captured. Later intelligence assessed that only 100 of the 790 attackers came through unhurt.
26 May 1968: Security, Operation Toan Thang 1 #
Significant · Armoured personnel carriers for 3 RAR
Australian: 3 killed, 16 wounded. Enemy: 6 killed, 30 wounded.
The 165th North Vietnamese Regiment attacked Fire Support Base Balmoral, held by 3 RAR with tanks and carriers: heavy mortar fire, followed by a ground attack by about a company, supported by rockets and machine-guns, from an estimated battalion group. Three Australians were killed and sixteen wounded; six enemy were recorded killed.
28 May 1968: Security, Operation Toan Thang 1 #
Significant · Armoured personnel carriers for 3 RAR
Australian: 1 killed, 8 wounded. Enemy: 55 killed, 10 wounded.
The North Vietnamese renewed their attack on Fire Support Base Balmoral with a heavy mortar and rocket bombardment and a ground attack by two battalions of the 165th Regiment. The attack broke up on the wire under artillery and helicopter gunship fire. One Australian was killed and six to eight wounded; about 47 to 55 enemy were killed and six captured.
22 August 1968: Attack, Operation Nowra #
Significant · Armoured personnel carriers for 1 RAR
Australian: 12 wounded. Enemy: 40 killed, 8 wounded.
About 100 enemy, of the D445 Battalion, attacked Long Dien with recoilless rifles, rocket-propelled grenades and automatic weapons. B and C Companies of 1 RAR, with tanks of C Squadron, 1 Armoured Regiment, carriers and helicopter gunships, fought a company-sized force in the town and another group on Route 23, in contacts that went on all day. About eleven Australians were wounded, most of C Company's by a 60 mm mortar; 29 to 40 enemy were recorded killed.
27 March 1969: Transport, Operation Federal #
Typical: transport · 3 Cav Regt in contact
Australian: 20 wounded.
A Company, 5 RAR, with A Squadron, 3 Cavalry Regiment, was escorting a convoy of trucks up Route 15 in Bien Hoa when two US lorries hit mines 50 metres apart. About 20 Australians were wounded, half of whom stayed on duty, and two Americans.
6 June 1969: Contact, Operation Hammer #
Significant · Armoured personnel carriers for 5 RAR
Australian: 1 killed, 10 wounded. Enemy: 43 killed, 6 wounded.
The Battle of Binh Ba. B and D Companies of 5 RAR, with tanks of B Squadron, 1 Armoured Regiment, carriers of B Squadron, 3 Cavalry Regiment, and local Regional and Popular Force troops, fought an estimated 90 enemy in the village of Binh Ba from late morning until evening. One Australian was killed and eight to ten wounded, and two Centurion tanks were damaged; 27 enemy were counted dead, more were recorded later, and two were captured.
5 August 1969: Ambush, Operation U/K #
Typical: ambush · 3 Cav Regt in contact
Enemy: 13 killed, 4 wounded.
Four armoured personnel carriers of 3 Troop, B Squadron, 3 Cavalry Regiment, set an ambush near the beach, one of several in the area, and fired on 20 to 25 Viet Cong in the killing zone. Thirteen were killed, four wounded and one captured, with no Australian casualties. Weapons, documents and packs of food and supplies were captured.
12 June 1971: Patrol, Operation Overlord #
Typical: patrol · 3 Cav Regt in contact
Australian: 8 killed, 2 wounded.
Three armoured personnel carriers of A Squadron, 3 Cavalry Regiment, carrying men of D and E Platoon, were patrolling a track when the leading driver stopped at an illumination canister he suspected was part of a mine. The enemy, of the 274th Regiment, opened fire, and a rocket-propelled grenade hit a pile of Claymore mines on the back of the last carrier, which exploded, killing its crew and five of D and E Platoon. Eight Australians were killed in all, and two wounded.
12 October 1971: Security, Operation South Ward #
Last · 3 Cav Regt in contact
Armoured personnel carriers of A Squadron, 3 Cavalry Regiment, fired on two enemy after a light was seen at the perimeter. The enemy fired one shot, and a sweep found nothing.
Sub-units #
1 APC Squadron #
45 contacts, 12 June 1966 to 1 September 1971; 21 operations. Australian: 24 killed, 47 wounded. Enemy: 280 killed, 399 wounded.
Actions: patrol 67%, security 10%, artillery and mortar fire 5%, artillery engagement 5%, mine incident 5%.
Most significant contacts:
- 18 August 1966: patrol, Operation Smithfield (original - Vendetta). Australian: 17 killed, 19 wounded. Enemy: 245 killed.
- 18 August 1966: contact, Operation Smithfield (original - Vendetta). Australian: 4 wounded. Enemy: 20 killed.
- 7 June 1971: bunker, Operation Overlord. Australian: 3 killed, 8 wounded. Enemy: 5 killed.
View 1 APC Squadron in Battle Map
A Squadron #
240 contacts, 21 June 1966 to 12 October 1971; 49 operations. Australian: 57 killed, 285 wounded. Enemy: 328 killed, 135 wounded.
Actions: patrol 42%, ambush 19%, security 16%, transport 10%, mine incident 9%.
Most significant contacts:
- 17 February 1967: bunker, Operation Bribie. Australian: 8 killed, 21 wounded. Enemy: 50 killed.
- 16 May 1968: security, Operation Toan Thang 1. Australian: 7 killed, 19 wounded. Enemy: 38 killed.
- 28 May 1968: security, Operation Toan Thang 1. Australian: 1 killed, 8 wounded. Enemy: 55 killed.
B Squadron #
173 contacts, 17 May 1969 to 5 January 1971; 37 operations. Australian: 16 killed, 157 wounded. Enemy: 239 killed, 101 wounded.
Actions: patrol 39%, ambush 18%, security 18%, transport 10%, mine incident 9%.
Most significant contacts:
- 6 June 1969: contact, Operation Hammer. Australian: 1 killed, 10 wounded. Enemy: 43 killed.
- 7 June 1969: contact, Operation Hammer/Tong. Enemy: 40 killed.
- 18 February 1970: bunker, Operation Hammersley. Australian: 2 killed, 13 wounded. Enemy: 12 killed.
Roll of honour #
The unit's 18 dead on the honour roll: those on a tour with the unit when they died, and reinforcements killed in the unit's contacts. Each opens their entry on the honour roll.
Tony Holland
Trooper
7 July 1966
Peter Edward Clements
(Temporary) Corporal
27 August 1966
Victor Ian Pomroy
Trooper
17 February 1967
Kevin Leslie Mitchinson
Lance-Corporal
21 February 1967
Robert Peter Wilsen
Trooper
21 February 1967
Douglas Graham Borlace
Craftsman
15 July 1968
Robert James Gillard
Trooper
2 August 1968
Peter Anthony Malone
(Temporary) Corporal
18 January 1969
Robert George Young
Trooper
24 June 1969
Albert Lesley Casey
Trooper
22 October 1969
Vivian Albert French
Trooper
8 December 1969
Douglas James Voyzey
Trooper
14 December 1969
Barry John Whiston
Lance-Corporal
18 February 1970
Hugh Carlyle
Trooper
18 February 1970
Michael Peter Tognolini
Trooper
20 April 1970
David Gerard Doyle
Trooper
31 July 1970
John Noel Mccarthy
Lance-Corporal
12 June 1971
Kenneth James Boardman
Corporal
12 June 1971
Photographs #
From the site's collection: pictures linked to the unit's contacts, and others taken near them at the time. Each opens on the Battle Map.
C Company 8 RAR assaulting into an enemy bunker system in the foothills of the Long Hais (Minh Dam Secret Zone) shortly after a B52 strike had hit the system. Rod Simpson, 22 February 1970
Taken during an exchange of fire with the enemy on the road south from the market place. Barry J Diwell, 22 August 1968
Wording of citation for the Military Medal awarded to Cpl M R Rainey crew commander Centurion tank 33Bravo 1AR for conduct during Operation Nowra 22 August …
Members of 1 RAR and Centurion tank 33Bravo preparing to advance south from the market place at Long Dien. Barry J Diwell
Centurion tanks returning fire to suspected enemy mortar firing point. Barry J Diwell, 22 October 1968
Engineers disarming an anti-tank mine narrowly avoided by 2 Troop tanks on the previous night. The mine consisted of an unexploded 155mm shell and 12 pounds of … Barry J Diwell
Regional SVN forces conducting a house to house search during a sweep of the village aided by the Centurion tank search light. Barry J Diwell
312601 Lance Corporal (L/Cpl) Leonard (Len) Ellcombe of Heidelberg, Vic, standing on an Armoured Personnel Carrier (APC), blazes away with an M60 machine gun … https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/BEL/69/0353/VN/, 30 May 1969
Long Tann Cross 2002 Ern Marshall
Ern Marshall at The Cross 2002 Ern Marshall
Spooky firing to front of 102 Fd Bty at 0340 13 May 68 13 May 1968
Morning - No 6/F Sub Gun that was overrun at 03:00 13 May. Wounded and dead medevaced to Long Binh Greg Ayson, 13 May 1968
NVA Dead being searched and removed in front of No 6 Gun and its MG next to 1 RAR Mortars. Hit mainly with fleshette and SA Ayson, 13 May 1968
RPG Damage to 22A and Crew being Casvaced Paul Davison, 18 February 1970
RPG Damage to 22A and Crew being Casvaced Paul Davison, 18 February 1970
Wounded Prisoner in the back of 22 with Capt Murphy sitting on top Paul Davison
Sketch Map of the Battle of Long Tan - D445 \"version\"
2Tp and 2nd D&E platoon ambushed by D 440 battalion AWM, 30 May 1969
VC Bravery Certificate taken off dead enemy one of 6 Dennis Manski, 29 May 1969
Centurion Tank ARN 169076 32Alpha at FSB Julia Dec 1968 Left to Right Tpr Don Webber, Tpr Ross Prior and Sgt Mick Rainey. Barry J Diwell, 30 November 1968
32 Charlie after having been escorted back to FSB Dyke. Temporary repairs had been made to the damaged suspension station. Rus Kiellerup is inspecting the … Duncan McIntosh, 10 December 1968
1 ATF Power plant before fire 1 March 1970
1 ATF Diesel Power Plant fir circa 1970. Plant completely destroyed by fire 1 July 1970
Remains of Power Plant after the fire. 1 June 1970
New Power Plant Building after the fire that destroyed the former one. 30 June 1970
Engineers laying the new Power lines that burnt down during the fire that destroyed the Power Plant. 28 June 1970
1 Australian Psychology Operations Unit (! Psyops Unit) printing room with psyops staff. Playboy centerfolds behind then on the wall. 1 September 1970
1 Australian Psychological Operations Unit (1 Psyops Unit) after they had won the 1 ATF HQ Volley Ball championship. 1 June 1971
Nightly curfew flare from Nui Dat towards to west to indicate that it was the night curfew. All villagers should have returned from the fields. 1 June 1971
Nui Dat looking north. TBA, 1 August 1966
Nui Dat looking from North West to south east over Luscombe Field 1 February 1968
Sources #
- Tours and arm: the Australian War Memorial's record of the unit.
- Contacts: the Battle Map's records of 465 contacts, each report citing the archival source (most often the commanders' diaries, AWM95).
- The dead: the honour roll, with tours of duty from the nominal roll.
- Helicopter missions: No. 9 Squadron RAAF's unit history sheets (National Archives of Australia, A9186, 736), read into the Battle Map's records, with each report's summary written by an AI model (Claude).
- Summaries of the reports: written by an AI model (Claude) from the reports, and reviewed.